Soil fungal diversity and functionality are driven by plant species used in phytoremediation

TitleSoil fungal diversity and functionality are driven by plant species used in phytoremediation
Publication TypeJournal Article
Year of Publication2021
AuthorsGil-Martinez M., Lopez-Garcia A., Dominguez M.T, Kjoller R., Navarro-Fernandez C.M, Rosendahl S., Maranon T.
JournalSoil Biology and Biochemistry
Volume153
Pagination12
Date PublishedFeb
Type of ArticleArticle
ISBN Number0038-0717
Accession NumberWOS:000608177400011
KeywordsAgriculture, ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI, biodiversity, carbon, contamination, ectomycorrhizal fungi, Fungi, heavy metal, metal pollution, microbial communities, mycorrhizal fungi, patterns, Richness, Saprotrophic, sw spain, trace elements, trace-elements
Abstract

Soil biodiversity loss due to pollution may affect ecosystem services negatively. This environmental problem may be solved by phytoremediation, which is an effective strategy to manage and remediate contaminated areas. During this remediation process, the establishment of plant communities may improve soil fungal community structure and, in particular, may favour mycorrhizal symbiotic associations. As a consequence, afforestation of degraded lands will have different outcomes on fungal diversity and functionality, which will depend on the selected tree and shrub species. We analysed soil fungal diversity and functional guilds by high-throughput sequencing of environmental DNA in a trace element contaminated area, part of a large scale phytoremediation project running for 20 years. We selected five habitats for comparison purposes: three under the canopy of selected tree species (wild olive, white poplar and stone pine), adjacent treeless areas (grassland) and non-remediated areas (bare soil). Soil fungal diversity and richness seemed to be enhanced by phytoremediation. White poplar soil had the highest diversity and richness compared to wild olive and stone pine. Fungal communities were especially different between stone pine, with soils rich in organic C and high C:N ratio, and grassland soils. We identified 9,428 fungal OTUs from which 1,283 were assigned to a unique functional guild; the most abundant belonging to saprotrophic, plant pathogenic and ectomycorrhizal functional guilds. Ectomycorrhizal fungi were more abundant in soils under ectomycorrhizal host trees. Saprotrophs were abundant in grassland and wild olive soils, while plant pathogens were abundant in non-remediated soils. The remediation of soils (clean-up and amendment addition) allowed the natural establishment of grassland habitats throughout the study area, increasing fungal diversity, richness, taxonomy and functionality, when compared to non-remediated soils. Tree afforestation allowed the establishment of a forest type community bringing a further recruitment of fungal taxa, mainly the ectomycorrhizal fungal guild. Afforestation with different tree species showed species-specific effects on soil N, organic C, Ca and C:N ratio which led to increased spatial heterogeneity in areas with potential to recruit a wider diversity of fungi.

Short TitleSoil Biol. Biochem.Soil Biol. Biochem.
Alternate JournalSoil Biol. Biochem.
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Gil-Martinez, Marta Lopez-Garcia, Alvaro Dominguez, Maria T. Kjoller, Rasmus Navarro-Fernandez, Carmen M. Rosendahl, Soren Maranon, Teodoro
Garcia, Alvaro Lopez/J-9190-2014
Garcia, Alvaro Lopez/0000-0001-8267-3572
European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) [603498 - RECARE]; Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities [CGL2014-52858-R RESTECO, CGL2017-82254-R - INTARSU, CGL2015-69118-C2-2-P-COEXMED-II, CGL2017-85891-R-DEGRAMED]; Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [BES-2015-073882]; European Union's Horizon 2020 Marie Curie Individual Fellowship [708530 - DISPMIC]; University of Jaen under the Plan 6-UJA postdoctoral fellowship; Universidad de Sevilla (V Plan Propio de Investigacion)
This work was supported by European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) [grant number 603498 - RECARE], and Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities [grants number CGL2014-52858-R RESTECO and CGL2017-82254-R - INTARSU]. MG-M was supported by Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [grant number BES-2015-073882]. AL-G was supported by European Union's Horizon 2020 Marie Curie Individual Fellowship [grant number 708530 - DISPMIC], Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities [grant number CGL2015-69118-C2-2-P-COEXMED-II] and University of Jaen under the Plan 6-UJA postdoctoral fellowship. MTD was supported by a postdoctoral grant by Universidad de Sevilla (V Plan Propio de Investigacion) and by Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities [grant number CGL2017-85891-R-DEGRAMED].

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Gil-Martinez, M (corresponding author), Ave Reina Mercedes 10, Seville 41012, Spain.
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