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Out of sight: Profiling soil characteristics, nutrients and bacterial communities affected by organic amendments down to one meter in a long-term maize experiment

TitleOut of sight: Profiling soil characteristics, nutrients and bacterial communities affected by organic amendments down to one meter in a long-term maize experiment
Publication TypeJournal Article
Year of Publication2019
AuthorsSanden T., Zavattaro L., Spiegel H., Grignani C., Sanden H., Baumgarten A., Tiirola M., Mikkonen A.
JournalApplied Soil Ecology
Volume134
Pagination54-63
Date PublishedFeb
Type of ArticleArticle
ISBN Number0929-1393
Accession NumberWOS:000450424200008
KeywordsAgriculture, Bovine slurry fertilisation, carbon, Deep soil, dynamics, Farmyard manure, fertilisation, Fertilization, forage systems, Long-term experiment, management, Manure, MATTER, microbial communities, nitrogen, Organic amendments, ribosomal-rna genes, Soil microbiome
Abstract

Common soil characteristics, nutrients and microbial activity at deeper soil depths are topics seldom covered in agricultural studies. Biogeochemical cycles in deep soils are not yet fully understood. This study investigates the effect of different mineral and organic fertilisation on soil organic matter dynamics, nutrients and bacterial community composition in the first meter of the soil profiles in the long-term maize cropping system experiment Tetto Frati, near the Po River in northern Italy. The following treatments have been applied since 1992: 1) crop residue removal (CRR), 2) crop residue incorporation (CRI), 3) crop residue removal with bovine slurry fertilisation (SLU), 4) crop residue removal with farmyard manure fertilisation (FYM). A total of 250 kg N ha(-1) were applied annually as mineral fertiliser in the first two and as organic fertilizer in the latter two treatments. Soil organic carbon (SOC) was significantly higher in the treatments with organic amendments (CRL SLU and FYM) compared to CRR in 0-25 cm (11.1, 11.6, 14.7 vs. 9.8 g kg(-1), respectively), but not in the deeper soil. At 75-100 cm soil depth, SLU and FYM had the highest potential N mineralisation. Bacterial diversity decreased down the soil profile much less than microbial biomass. Incorporation of crop residues alone showed no positive effects on either biomass or diversity, whereas fertilisation by FYM instead of mineral fertilizer did. Bacterial community composition showed depth-related shifts: Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria dominated the topsoil, whereas Chloroflexi, Nitrospira and Thermotogae were relatively more abundant deeper in the soil profile. Although the main factor determining soil bacterial community composition in the entire dataset was soil depth, both the size and diversity of bacterial community, as well as several discriminating taxa, were affected by organic N fertilisation down to 1 m depth. This calls for continued efforts to study the deeper soil depths in the numerous long-term field experiments, where mostly topsoils are currently studied in detail.
Short TitleAppl. Soil Ecol.Appl. Soil Ecol.
Alternate JournalAppl. Soil Ecol. 
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Times Cited: 1
Cited Reference Count: 50
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Sanden, Taru Zavattaro, Laura Spiegel, Heide Grignani, Carlo Sanden, Hans Baumgarten, Andreas Tiirola, Marja Mikkonen, Anu
; zavattaro, laura/G-5095-2010
Sanden, Hans/0000-0002-2496-6307; zavattaro, laura/0000-0001-8199-7399
European UnionEuropean Union (EU) [262060]; European Research Council (ERC) under the European UnionEuropean Research Council (ERC) [615146]; ExpeER (Experimentation in Ecosytem Research) project
The research received funding for the soil sampling from the ExpeER (Experimentation in Ecosytem Research) project, which received funding from the European Union's Seventh Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under Grant agreement No 262060, as well as funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-450 2013, Grant agreement no. 615146) awarded to M.T.
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Elsevier science bv
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