The responses of NO2-- and N2O-reducing bacteria to maize inoculation by the PGPR Azospirillum lipoferum CRT1 depend on carbon availability and determine soil gross and net N2O production

TitleThe responses of NO2-- and N2O-reducing bacteria to maize inoculation by the PGPR Azospirillum lipoferum CRT1 depend on carbon availability and determine soil gross and net N2O production
Publication TypeJournal Article
Year of Publication2019
AuthorsFlorio A., Brefort C., Gervaix J., Bérard A., Le Roux X.
JournalSoil Biology and Biochemistry
Volume136
Pagination10
Date PublishedSep
Type of ArticleArticle
ISBN Number0038-0717
Accession NumberWOS:000483908600017
KeywordsAgriculture, denitrifier community abundance, diversity, exudates, Fertilization, FIELD, nirK, nirS, Nitrate, nitrous-oxide emissions, nosz genes, nosZI, nosZII, Plant-microbes competition for nitrate, rhizosphere, root, water, zea-mays
Abstract

Seed inoculation by plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) is an agronomic practice that stimulates root carbon (C) exudation and nitrogen (N) uptake. Inoculation thus increases and decreases C and N availabilities to denitrifiers in the rhizosphere, respectively. Hence, denitrification rates in the rhizosphere can be positively or negatively influenced by root activity depending on the balance between these two processes. We assumed that inoculation effect on denitrifiers could strongly differ according to soil conditions. Would denitrifiers be mostly limited by C, inoculation would increase denitrifier abundance and activity through increased labile C availability. Would denitrifiers be limited by N rather than C, inoculation would decrease denitrifier abundance and activity through increased competition for N. Here we manipulated denitrification limitation by C and N (i) in a field trial through the use of different fertilization levels, and (ii) in a growth chamber experiment by mimicking root exudate inputs. We analyzed how the effects of maize inoculation by the PGPR Azospirillum lipoferum CRT1 on potential gross and net N2O production rates and NO2- and N2O-reducer abundances were related to C and N limitation levels. An increase in potential gross (up to + 113%) and to a lesser extent net (+37%) N2O production was observed for soils where denitrification was highly limited by C. This was explained by strong and moderate increases in the abundances of NO2- and N2O-reducers, respectively. In contrast, when denitrification was weakly limited by C, gross and net N2O productions were negatively affected by inoculation (-15 and -40%, respectively). Our results show that the inoculation practice should be evaluated in term of possible increased crop yield but also possible modified N2O emission, paying much attention to cropland soils where denitrifiers are highly limited by C.

Short TitleSoil Biol. Biochem.Soil Biol. Biochem.
Alternate JournalSoil Biol. Biochem.
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Times Cited: 0
Cited Reference Count: 78
Florio, Alessandro Brefort, Caroline Gervaix, Jonathan Berard, Annette Le Roux, Xavier
Florio, Alessandro/0000-0001-6814-8675
French Agency for Research, ANRFrench National Research Agency (ANR) [ANR-12-AGRO-0008]
We acknowledge funding by the French Agency for Research, ANR, to the AZODURE project (ANR-12-AGRO-0008) and to the associated post-doctoral fellowship of AF. We thank all the members from the AZODURE project who participated to the soil sampling campaign, and A. Dumas, A. Frutos and L. Capowiez for realizing CLPP measurements.

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